![]() By the 1580s, French trading companies had been set up, and ships were contracted to bring back furs. These lands were full of unexploited and valuable natural resources, which attracted all of Europe. Īcadia and Canada (New France) were inhabited by indigenous nomadic Algonquian peoples and sedentary Iroquoian peoples. It was sacked by the Spanish led by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés who slaughtered every Protestant there and then established the settlement of St. Intended as a haven for Huguenots, Caroline was founded under the leadership of René Goulaine de Laudonnière and Jean Ribault. Īnother early French attempt at settlement in North America took place in 1564 at Fort Caroline, now Jacksonville, Florida. Eventually, the French crown decided to colonize the territory to secure and expand its influence in America. Lawrence region was full of valuable fur-bearing animals, especially the beaver, which were becoming rare in Europe. Lawrence River, making alliances with Canadian First Nations that became important once France began to occupy the land. ![]() įrench fishing fleets continued to sail to the Atlantic coast and into the St. The first settlement of 400 people, Fort Charlesbourg-Royal (present-day Quebec City), was attempted in 1541 but lasted only two years. In 1534, Jacques Cartier planted a cross in the Gaspé Peninsula and claimed the land in the name of King Francis I. In the United States, the legacy of New France includes numerous place names as well as small pockets of French-speaking communities.Ī map of New France made by Samuel de Champlain in 1612 New France eventually became absorbed within the United States and Canada, with the only vestige of French rule being the tiny islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an overseas collectivity of France. In 1800, Spain returned its portion of Louisiana to France under the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso, and Napoleon Bonaparte sold it to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, permanently ending French colonial efforts on the American mainland. Britain acquired Canada, Acadia, and French Louisiana east of the Mississippi River, except for the Île d'Orléans, which was granted to Spain with the territory to the west. Some also went to France.Īfter the Seven Years' War (which included the French and Indian War in America), France ceded the rest of New France to Great Britain and Spain in the Treaty of Paris of 1763 (except the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon). Their descendants are dispersed in the Maritime provinces of Canada and in Maine and Louisiana, with small populations in Chéticamp, Nova Scotia and the Magdalen Islands. The British expelled the Acadians in the Great Upheaval from 1755 to 1764, which has been remembered on July 28 each year since 2003. In 1754, New France's population consisted of 10,000 Acadians, 55,000 Canadiens, and about 4,000 settlers in upper and lower Louisiana 69,000 in total. France established the colony of Île Royale on Cape Breton Island, where they built the Fortress of Louisbourg. In the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to Great Britain its claims over mainland Acadia, Hudson Bay, and Newfoundland. In the seventeenth century, successful settlements began in Acadia and in Quebec. In the 16th century, the lands were used primarily to draw from the wealth of natural resources such as furs through trade with the various indigenous peoples. It extended from Newfoundland to the Canadian Prairies and from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico, including all the Great Lakes of North America. New France ( French: Nouvelle-France) was the territory colonized by France in North America, beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763 under the Treaty of Paris.Ī vast Viceroyalty, New France consisted of five colonies at its peak in 1712, each with its own administration: Canada, the most developed colony, was divided into the districts of Québec, Trois-Rivières, and Montréal Hudson Bay Acadie in the northeast Terre-Neuve ( Plaisance) on the island of Newfoundland and Louisiane.
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